GLP-1 Agonists and Emerging Oral Health Concerns
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- Published: Friday, 29 August 2025 10:46
- Written by News Editor
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Patients prescribed GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) are increasingly presenting with an adverse effect informally termed “Ozempic teeth.” Although not widely recognised among the most common systemic side effects, the phenomenon is beginning to be reported in dental settings.
The mechanism appears multifactorial. Semaglutide has been associated with xerostomia, likely through effects on salivary gland function. In addition, reduced thirst perception may contribute to lower fluid intake, further exacerbating oral dryness. Secondary effects, including acid reflux and emesis, have also been documented in some patients, increasing the risk of enamel erosion.
These factors collectively heighten susceptibility to caries, periodontal disease, and mucosal irritation. Clinical signs may include:
- Persistent xerostomia
- Increased caries activity
- Enamel erosion and hypersensitivity
- Gingival inflammation or recession
- Delayed healing post-operatively
Dentists should enquire routinely about the use of GLP-1 agonists during medical history taking and remain vigilant, particularly within the first months of therapy initiation. Unlike some systemic adverse effects, oral damage may not fully resolve on discontinuation of the medication.
Preventive strategies include reinforcing hydration, recommending sugar-free gum to stimulate salivary flow, and implementing tailored preventive care such as topical fluoride application, saliva substitutes, and dietary counselling. Patients experiencing significant reflux should also be advised on protective measures to minimise acid-related damage.
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