Chewing could protect against infection
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- Published: Tuesday, 24 January 2017 07:41
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Researchers have found that chewing food prompts the release of an immune cell that can protect against infection. The study, recently published in the journal Immunity, found that mastication can stimulate the release of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the mouth. The study team was led by Dr. Joanne Konkel of the University of Manchester.
Th17 cells form a part of the adaptive immune system, which uses specific antigens to defend against potentially harmful pathogens, while enduring "friendly" bacteria that can be beneficial to health.
According to the researchers Th17 cells, in the gut and the skin, are produced through the presence of friendly bacteria. However, they note that the mechanisms by which Th17 cells are produced in the mouth have been unclear. Dr. Konkel and colleagues say that the mechanical force required by mastication leads to physiological abrasion and damage in the mouth. With this in mind, the team set out to investigate whether such damage might play a role in oral Th17 cell production.
The researchers came to their findings by feeding weaning mice soft-textured foods, which required less chewing, until they reached 24 weeks of age. At 24 weeks, the release of Th17 cells in the rodents' mouths was measured. A significant reduction in oral Th17 cell production was noted, which the team speculated was down to a reduction in mastication-induced physiological damage. Confirming their theory, the researchers found that increasing the levels of physiological damage in the rodents' mouths - by rubbing the oral cavity with a sterile cotton applicator - led to an increase in the production of Th17 cells.
Dr. Konkel and colleagues believe these findings indicate that chewing food may help to protect us from illness. “The immune system performs a remarkable balancing act at barrier sites such as the skin, mouth and gut by fighting off harmful pathogens while tolerating the presence of normal friendly bacteria. Our research shows that, unlike at other barriers, the mouth has a different way of stimulating Th17 cells: not by bacteria but by mastication. Therefore mastication can induce a protective immune response in our gums."
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